Mycoplasma

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Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Mycoplasma pneumoniae frequently causes pneumonias (infections of the respiratory tract) that run atypical courses, especially in the youths.

In contrast to all other bacteria, mycoplasmas possess no rigid cell wall. Flagellae, fimbriae, pili, and capsules are lacking as well. These bacteria take on many different forms. The most frequent basic shape is a coccoid cell with a diameter of 0.3 - 0.8 µm. Long, fungilike filaments also occur (see figure).

The cells attach themselves to the epithelia of the trachea, bronchi and bronchioles. The mechanisms, those finally result in destruction of the epithelial cells, are yet unknown. The infection develops into pneumonia with an inflammatory exudate in the lumens of the bronchi and bronchioles.

After an incubation period of 3 weeks in three quarter of all cases a serious ?cold? accompanied by pharyngitis or tracheobronchitis develops. Only in 5 - 25 % an atypical pneumonia develops, that starts with tiredness, headache, fever and persistent cough.

Sequelae can set in during or shortly after the acute infection, including pericarditis, myocarditis, pancreatitis, arthritis, erythema nodosum, hemolytic anemias, polyneuritis and others. Infections of Mycoplasma pneumoniae occur worldwide. Often schoolchildren and young adults are affected. Epidemics in joint facilities follow from the way of infection and the high risk of infection.

Species	Disease	Mechanism of Infection
Mycoplasma pneumoniae	Infection of the respiratory organs. Asymptomatic Infections by a cold, pharyngitis, bronchitis, croup, tracheabronchitis, pneumonitis and pneumonia	Transmission by aerosol droplets as well as by direct or indirect contact

Infections may be diagnosed by:

Microscopy: Determination of pathogens on cervical smear
Serology: Determination of specific antibodies by ELISA

NovaLisa? Mycoplasma pneumoniae IgA/IgG/IgM ELISA:

The NovaLisa? Mycoplasma pneumoniae IgA/IgG/IgM ELISA is intended for the qualitative determination of IgA-/IgG-/IgM- class antibodies against Mycoplasma pneumoniae in human serum or plasma (citrate).

Antigens:

Purified Mycoplasma pneumoniae antigens (strain FN)

	Intraassay			Interassay			Sensitivity	Specificity
	n	Mean	CV%	n	Mean	CV%
IgA	20	0.09	6.1	12	2.83	8.1	>90%	>90%
IgA	24	0.64	3.5	12	18.41	3.9	>90%	>90%
IgG	20	0.504	5.3	12	13.6	3.4	>95%	>95%
IgG	24	1.071	9.0	12	31.1	6.9	>95%	>95%
IgM	31	0.99	2.9	12	21.6	4.8	94.4%	>95%
IgM	22	0.76	9.2	12	13.3	7.8	94.4%	>95%

External comparison study NovaTec, Euroimmun, Savyon:

Mycoplasma pneumoniae IgG: 155 samples    Sensitivity: 100%
                                                                    Specificity: 100%

Mycoplasma pneumoniae IgM: 116 samples    Sensitivity: 100%
                                                                    Specificity: 95,9%

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